Structures

Structures allow you to create a new type of data consisting of several entities collected under a single name. For example, the following is a structure definition: 
struct Contact
{
    char name[20];
    int number;
};
Contact is a new type, encompassing two different entities: the string name and the variable number. If you want to declare a variable of type Contact (which we will also call a structure), you can simply type: 

Contact aContact;
To access the entities of which aContact consists, you need to use the dot . operator. 
strcpy(aContact.name, "Mike");
assigns the string "Mike" to name. Further, a structure can be assigned to another of the same type. 
Contact anotherContact = aContact;
Such a statement results in each field within the assigned structure being copied into the assignee’s.

Example


#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

struct Contact
{
    char name[20];
    int number;
};

void printContact(Contact c)
{
     cout << "name: " << c.name << endl;
     cout << "number: " << c.number << endl;
     cout << endl;;
}

int main()
{
    Contact aContact;
    strcpy(aContact.name, "Mike");
    aContact.number = 123456;
    Contact anotherContact;
    anotherContact = aContact;
    cout << "aContact:" << endl;
    printContact(aContact);
    cout << "anotherContact:" << endl;
    printContact(anotherContact);
}

Output

aContact:
name: Mike
number: 123456

anotherContact:
name: Mike
number: 123456